In a first step, we use the total sample of regions. Both Malthusian (abundance of population is bad) and cornucopian (abundance of population is good) ideas are found in writings throughout recorded history (see, e.g., Schumpeter 1954, pp. Finally, Dublin, which has similar characteristics to Hamburg in terms of per capita income and other variables in our dataset, illustrates the environmental consequences possible with high population growth (1.51% during the period of study). In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency projects Ireland will fail to meet its obligations under the EU emissions reduction agreement by 2020 (ibid). However, the large increase in the leaf photosynthetic rate caused by rewatering occurred in corn under high PPD compared with corn under low PPD. 2009). This finding showed that rewatering could increase Pn and Gs. As a result of a reform of regional boundaries in the German state of Saxony, most regions in Saxony are missing from the analysis (note the white area on the maps). One additional percentage point of annual population growth is associated with 2.5 additional kilotons CO2 emitted between 2000 and 2008 in Western Europe. These results indicated that high PPD is disadvantageous for corn growth under wet conditions, drought stress, or rewatering, mainly because reduced growth in corn is due to the severe intraspecific competition in corn population under high PPD. You may notice problems with The fact alone that people (perhaps unfoundedly) warned of overpopulation at times when world population was 0.2 billion (Plato), 1.0 billion (Malthus) or 3.5 billion (Ehrlich 1968) does not prove that any further increases from todays 7 billion will necessarily come without further adverse consequences. J Plant Res. Possible Materials (but not limited to): -Plant containers or plastic cups -Digital Balance -Ruler -Graph Paper where xi and xj are the sizes of individuals i and j, respectively. 1The EU classifies its territory into four layers according to the Nomenclature des Units Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS). Womens education in developing countries: Barriers, benefits, and policies. Photosynthetic resistance and resilience under drought, flooding and rewatering in maize plants. Contemporary PE studies typically follow one of three types of approaches. High leaf cytokinin concentration accelerated corn growth. When the SWC decrease below 75% of the FWC, water was added to maintain the water content at 75%80% of the FWC. DH661 was planted at . Growth, yield and water use efficiency response of greenhouse-grown hot pepper under Time-Space deficit irrigation. Some examples from the match tables: Madrid, Spain (high population growth), was matched with Rome, Italy (low population growth). 2012). Many Western European regions are expected to experience population growth in the coming decades, mostly due to internal population shifts and international immigration. Compared with wet corns, rewatered corn showed less intraspecific competition under high PPD, thereby benefiting increased growth and photosynthetic rate. Lutz W, Scherbov S, Prskawetz A, Dworak M, Feichtinger G. Population, natural resources, and food security: Lessons from comparing full and reduced-form models. We examined the effects of abundance on plant-pollinator interactions by observing the pollinator service and subsequent reproductive output of a mostly outbreeding, but self-compatible, plant, Lychnis viscaria, in experimental populations of different sizes (number . Zeatin riboside concentrations in leaves and xylem saps were significantly higher under rewatering treatment than those under wet treatment. The high representativeness of juvenile individuals and plants with reproductive evidence allows us to infer that this population is in constant growth. The coefficients of variation and Gini-coefficient of wet treatment were significantly higher than those of rewatering treatment under high PPD, demonstrating that intense intraspecific competition occurred in the wet treatment. Before In this study, a simple model was created according to data obtained from this study. The plates were incubated for 3 h at 28C to determine GA3, ABA, and ZR concentrations and overnight at 4C to determine the IAA concentration. 3). According to a University of Michigan lecture, the world's population was 1 billion in 1804. Bookchin (1996, p. 30) suggests that [t]he population problem has a Phoenix-like existence: it rises from the ashes at least every generation and sometimes every decade or so. But this is also true about the depopulation problem, which has recurred periodically over the last centuries (see Teitelbaum and Winter 1985). However, this can hardly lead to the conclusion that Frances low population growth was causally responsible for the increase in emissions and a much higher population growth rate would have benefitted the environment. Soluble carbohydrate content in the different treatments. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. The effect of plant population density (PPD) and root-induced leaf cytokinin on the compensatory growth of potted corn seedlings during post-drought rewatering was investigated. Plant population will depend on the soil, climate, and the type of crop being planted. Khan A, Najeeb U, Wang LS, Tan DKY, Yang GZ, Munsif F, et al. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Yao X, Chu J, Liang L, Geng W, Li J, Hou G. Selenium improves recovery of wheat seedlings at rewatering after drought stress. We used base R for OLS regressions (R Core Team 2013) and the spdep package (Bivand and Piras 2015) for spatial models. In Eq. Size variability and one-sided competition of shoots and stools, Size variability and competition in plant monocultures, Effect of different water supply regimes on growth and size hierarchy in spring wheat populations under mulched with clear plastic film, Effect of water deficits on within-plot variability in growth and grain yield of spring wheat in northwest China. Inter-and transdisciplinary approaches to populationenvironment research for sustainability aims: A review and appraisal. For each number of days after rewatering, the different letters indicate significant differences at P 0.05.WL: wetness with low PPD; WH: wetness with high PPD; DL: rewatering with low PPD; DH: rewatering with high PPD. The mechanism of compensatory growth during post-drought rewatering has been investigated in numerous crops, including maize, wheat, Kentucky bluegrass, and cotton [69]. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Effect of Plant Population Density on Plant Height Results on effects of population densities from different treatments on plant heights are presented in table 2 below. These regions represent the treatment group. 2013; Irrigation Science 31: 333341. Individual corn struggled to obtain growth resource with the result of intraspecific competition intensity enhancing. There might just not be many countries that meet the requirements for such a design to provide us with a sample sufficiently large to conduct quantitative analyses. Others have shown that an individuals environmental footprint grows after moving to a developed country (e.g., Conca et al. Therefore, under rewatering conditions, high plant density did not decrease the photosynthetic indexes. This finding means emissions grow stronger in Eastern regions where the level has previously been low, indicating that these regions seem to catch up in terms of CO2 emissions. Human population: Its influences on biological diversity. These investments are paying off. Rapid population growth plays an important role in declining per capita agricultural land forest and water resources. 2011 Sep;13(8):805-17. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2010.525563. As shown in Fig 1, the base of the middle and top pots were removed, and the middle pot was inverted and stacked on the bottom pot. This cutoff value is chosen arbitrarily, though the results do not change significantly if we use a somewhat different threshold. Zhang H, Tan GL, Yang LN, Yang JC, Zhang JH, Zhao BH. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. In our data, a test for spatial autocorrelation reveals significant amounts of spatial interdependence: Morans I is .31 for urban land use change and .46 for CO2 emissions change in our sample. Good puddle field conditions are needed to create a favorable environment for normal growth of rice plants. D.R., H.S. Ghahfarokhi MG, Mansurifar S, Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R, Saeidi M, Jamshidi AM, Ghasemi E. Effects of drought stress and rewatering on antioxidant systems and relative water content in different growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Gene Expression Patterns in Leaves of Kentucky Bluegrass in Response to Drought and Post-drought Recovery, Multiple abiotic stresses on maize grain yield determination: Additive vs multiplicative effects, Variation in water extraction with maize plant density and its impact on model application. Additionally, from a methodological perspective, European regions provide a good sample to study the effect of population change on greenhouse gas emissions and urban land use because population is growing in some European regions, while in others is stationary or declining. Rather than expanding outwards, Hamburg is focusing on redeveloping formerly industrial areas (brownfields), such as HafenCity, Hamburg, which sits on 388 acres and is slated to add 5500 homes, commercial areas, green space, offices, schoolsincluding a universityand daycare, all following the citys green building standards. Therefore, leaf cytokinin was not definite influential factor of the photosynthetic rate under high PPD. It might seem counterintuitive to select contemporary Europe as the location to examine the effects of population growth. Population growth affects the environment in Europe: This is what our regional-level analysis of changes in urban land growth and CO2 emissions indicates. Zeatin riboside concentrations in leaves and xylem saps were significantly higher under rewatering treatment than those under wet treatment. Print 2013. After washing four times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) + Tween 20 [0.1% (v/v)] buffer (pH 7.4), each well was filled with 50 L of either corn sample extract or IAA, GA3, ABA, and ZR standards and 50 L of 20 g/mL antibodies against IAA, GA3, ABA, and ZR. This experiment will explore the effects of crowding (population density) on the growth and health of plants. . Hormones in the grains and roots in relation to post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in japonica/indica hybrid rice. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features Shi A. Effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial strain that survives drought stress on corn compensatory growth upon post-drought rewatering. Note, however, that in Eastern Europe, the correlation between regional per capita GDP in 2000 and population growth between 2000 and 2008 is considerably stronger (r = .41) than in the West (while for GDP growth, the coefficient is also weak and negative (.18)).

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